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Access Fee: A fee will be assessed to accounts that do not have DishFAMILY, America's Top 60, America's Top 120, America's Top 180, America's Everything Pak, DISH Latino, DISH Latino Dos, DISH Latino Max, DISH Latino Everything Pak, Dominion Sky Angel, or the Great Wall TV Package. Active Satellite: A functioning satellite that receives and transmits radio-communications signals to or from an earth station. Address: A code assigned to a remote control, allowing the remote control to communicate with an electronic component. Ala-carte Service: Services offered which may be independent of any programming packages, i.e., Disney, Dish CD. Alternate Audio: A feature on our receivers that allows the user to select different languages with which to hear programming. Our programming providers must also broadcast in this language. Altitude and Azimuth: We use altitude and azimuth to describe the location of an object in the sky as viewed from a particular location at a particular time. The altitude is the distance an object appears to be above the horizon. The angle is measured up from the closest point on the horizon. The azimuth of an object is the angular distance along the horizon to the location of the object. By convention, azimuth is measured from north towards the east along the horizon. Amplifier: A device used to boost the strength of an electronic signal. Angular velocity: The rate of change of angular displacement with respect to time. Antenna: Device which picks up and delivers satellite signals to a receiver; most commonly a dish antenna. Antenna Gain: A measure of the ability of the antenna to focus signal waves in a particular direction. Apogee: The point in the orbit of the moon or of an artificial satellite most distant from the center of the earth. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL): A group of DSL technologies that reserve more bandwidth in one direction than the other, which is advantageous for applications that need more bandwidth in one direction (e.g. web surfing). AT&T high-speed Internet powered by WildBlue: AT&T and WildBlue have partnered to offer the WildBlue service under the AT&T name in rural America.
Bandwidth: Range of frequencies occupied by a signal or allowed by receiving equipment (basically, what a receiver is capable of receiving). Bandwidth: The range of frequencies, measured in hertz (Hz), that can pass over a given transmission channel. The bandwidth determines the rate at which information can be transmitted through the circuit. Basic Packages: Our programming packages that do not incur an Access Fee: America's Top 60, America's Top 120, America's 180, America's Everything Pak, DISH Latino, DISH Latino Dos, DISH Latino Max and the Great Wall TV Package. Beam: A satellite transmission pattern. It may be wide, narrow or spot. Bent-pipe: A signal relay scheme in which a terrestrial-based signal is sent to a satellite, which then relays the signal back to earth with minimal processing by the satellite. binary: Numbers relating to a system of numeration having 2 as its base. Bird: An alternate name for a satellite. Bit: A single digital unit of information. Bit Rate: The speed of a digital transmission, measured in bits per second. Broadband Satellite: Special high-bandwidth satellites that provide multiple channels of data over a single communications beam. Broadcast: To transmit a signal over the spectrum to be received by multiple receiving devices. Broadcast Flag: We aren't implementing this. Congress would need to act first. Also known as "RCD" "redistribution control descriptor". Broadcast Programming: The local cable channels. These are local channels available via the system. Bus Structure: An interrelation or arrangement of parts and parallel circuits that connect the major components of a space-bound computer, allowing the transfer of electric impulses from one connected component to any other forming a complex entity. Byte: A set of “bits” that represent a single character. There are eight bits in a Byte.
Cable Television Transmission: The transmission, usually for a fee, of television signals, including signals that originate at over-the-air television stations, to consumers on a wired network. Caching: Occurs when access providers store Web page data in a temporary location on their networks to speed up access and reduce traffic. Capacity: The information carrying ability of a telecommunications facility. Carrier Wave: A Carrier Wave is a radio wave that can be modulated in order to transmit a signal. CCI: Copy Control Instructions. Include CGMS bits, plus other instructions to various devices (e.g. Macrovision, RCD) Sometimes misused as a synonym just for the CGMS bits. Central Office (CO): A telephone company facility that handles the switching of telephone calls on the public switched telephone network (PSTN) for a small regional area. CGMS-A: Copy Guard Management System - Analog. Signals "copy once", "copy never", "copy no more", or "copy free" over analog connections. Channel Lock-outs: A feature on our receivers, also known as V-Chip technology, which allows one to lock out certain channels and requires a code to view that channel. Circuit: A two-way communications path. Clarke Belt: Named after its founder Arthur C. Clarke, the Clarke Belt is an orbit used by satellites at a height of 22,250 miles, in which satellites make an orbit in 24 hours, yet remain in a fixed position relative to the Earth's surface. Clarke Orbit: A circular orbit in space 22,237 miles from the surface of the Earth at which geostationary satellites are placed. Also known as geostationary orbit. This orbit was first postulated by the science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke in Wireless World magazine in 1945. CMCI: The modem-to-customerpremises-equipment interface (CMCI) is a interface specification that describes the process of converting TCP/IP Ethernet protocol to TDMA protocols using DOCSIS packets. This interface describes the communications between a subscriber computing device and the cable or satellite network. Co-Location: Ability of multiple satellites to share the same approximate geostationary orbital assignment due to the fact that different frequency bands are used. Coaxial Cable: Cable consisting of an outer conductor surrounding an inner conductor, separated by an insulating material. Communications Satellite: A satellite that is used to relay telecommunications information. Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC): A term for a telecom company that was created after the Telecommunications Act of 1996 made it legal for companies to compete with ILECs. Compression: Reduction of bandwidth needed to transmit video or audio which increases the capacity of a satellite transponder. Conduit: A pipe, usually made of metal, ceramic or plastic, that protects buried cables. CONUS: Continental United States Copy Free: Rights to make a permanent copy are not offered. (But fair use such as time shifting is still allowed) Copy Never: Rights to make a permanent copy are not offered. (But fair use such as time shifting is still allowed) Copy No More: Works like "copy never"; Happens when a "copy once" copy is played back. Copy Once: The customer has the right to make a single, permanent copy for personal use. Copy Protection: Copy protection, copy restriction, digital rights management, digital restrictions management synonyms, use depends on political and business leanings. CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) is the low level network arbitration protocol used on Ethernet. Nodes wait for quiet on the net before starting to transmit and listen while they are transmitting. If two nodes transmit at once the data gets corrupted. The nodes detect this and continue to transmit for a certain length of time to ensure that all nodes detect the collision. The transmitting nodes then wait for a random time before attempting to transmit again thus minimizing the chance of another collision. The ability to detect collision during transmission reduces the amount of bandwidth wasted on collisions.
DBS: Direct Broadcast Satellite. DBS Band: Signal frequency range (11.70-12.40ghz) intended for direct TV broadcast by satellite channels. Not all TV satellites use this band. Decimal: Numbers relating to a system of numeration having 10 as its base. declination: In Astronomy, declination is the angular distance to a point on a celestial object, measured north or south from the celestial equator. Decoder: Unit that is connected to a satellite receiver in order to unscramble a picture that is protected by encryption. Default Gateway: The Default Gateway in a computer is a particular setting assigns the gateway or Router that will be used to access the Internet or WAN unless canceled or overridden by the operator. Delay: The time it takes for a signal to go from the sending station through the satellite to the receiving station. See "latency". DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol that provides a means to dynamically allocate IP addresses to computers on a local area network. The system administrator assigns a range of IP addresses to DHCP and each client computer on the LAN has its TCP/IP software configured to request an IP address from the DHCP server. The request and grant process uses a lease concept with a controllable time period. DHP: Digital Home Plan. Dial-up Connection: A data communication link that is established when the communications equipment dials a phone number and establishes a connection with the equipment on the other end over a phone line. Digital / Digitized: Any type of information that can be output, transmitted and interpreted as individual bits of binary information (the use of the number 0 and 1), using electrical or electromagnetic signals that can be modulated to convey their specific content. Direction: "Also called "azimuth." Refers to the left or right positioning of the satellite antenna. Direction is noted on the compass in the form of numbers indicating degrees. When adjusting the antenna, enter the ZIP Code into the Point Dish and Signal Strength menu. The menu will display the direction and elevation to the satellites." DISH Comm: Based on Home Plug 1.0 technology, which allows audio and phone data to be sent throughout a home over existing electrical wiring to other satellite receivers and compatible devices. DISH-on-Demand: DISH Network's pay-per-view (PPV) services. DISHNets: Network services (ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX) offered by package from New York and/or Los Angeles and qualifying through ZIP code and SHVIA. DISH Network DVR Service: DVR service to allow one to watch what they want, when they want. Only available on DISH Network hard drive equipped receivers. Distant Networks: Network services (ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX) offered by qualify through zip code and SHVIA to receive network programming from cities outside the local DMA. DMA (Designated Market Area): The areas designated by ZIP code to receive local network programming. DNS: Domain Name Service/System (DNS) A general-purpose distributed, replicated, data query service chiefly used on Internet for translating hostnames into Internet addresses. Also, the style of hostname used on the Internet, though such a name is properly called a fully qualified domain name. DNS can be configured to use a sequence of name servers, based on the domains in the name being looked for, until a match is found. DOCSIS (Data Over Cable System Interface Specification): A worldwide protocol standard used by cable modems to communicate over Coaxial cable networks. This protocol provides compatibility between modems made by different major modem manufacturers. Downconvert: The process of converting 12.2-12.7 GHz signal to 950-1450 MHz at the LNBF. Downlink: A signal's path from satellite to dish antenna. Downstream: The data path from (ISP) Internet Service Provider gateway to the subscriber terminal. DSS: Digital Satellite System. DSL: (Digital Subscriber Line) - High-speed Internet access over a telephone line using different frequencies than voice conversations or telephone modems. DTH (Direct-To-Home): Official term used by the Federal Communications Commission to refer to the satellite television and broadcasting industries. Download Speed: How quickly, measured in Kbps or Mbps, files download to your computer or receiver. Varies depending on the service plan, Internet service provider, and other factors, such as other traffic on the network. Duplex: The simultaneous 2-way and independent transmission in which equipment may transmit and receive at the same time. Dynamic IP address: Dynamic assignment of IP address is implemented using a protocol called, logically enough, the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). When DHCP is active, it typically works in conjunction with a Domain Name System (DNS) to allow users to find an element's address. Surfing the World Wide Web makes extensive use of these two protocols. When you dialup to your Internet service provider (ISP), DHCP is used to assign an IP address to your connection. When you enter a WWW address in your browser address bar or select a human-readable link on a web page, a DNS is used to turn your URL request into an IP address for transmission. These services can also be used in a directly connected network and in either case are typically administered by the information services (IS) department.
EHF (Extremely High Frequency): The lower part of radio frequency range from 3 to 30 gigahertz encompassed in Ka-band frequencies. Encryption / Decryption: The process of electronically altering a video and/or audio signal during transmission and reception. EPG (Electronics Program Guide): Part of the transport stream which contains the database and/or user interface for the electronic TV guide. Equatorial: Of, relating to, or resembling the earth's equator. Ethernet: Ethernet is the physical medium for carrying communications; much like air is the medium that carries your voice. Ethernet cards, Ethernet cables, and Ethernet hubs are used to create the physical network that connects computers together. Although Ethernet can be run on coaxial cable, the current standard is CAT-5, and most current devices only support this cable type. Data signals can be transferred on Ethernet at either 10 million bits per second (Mbps) or 100 Mbps. Most current Ethernet devices support both speeds, but some older equipment will only operate at 10 Mbps.
Favorites Lists: Enables to create their own EPGs, allowing to browse through only those selected services when channel surfing. FAQ: A list of frequently asked questions and their answers about a given subject. Feed(s): The point of origin for many of our services, i.e. Disney has two feeds - East and West. Feeder-downlink: The downstream data-path portion of the feeder-link. It is used by bent-pipe technology to form half of the complete upstream data-path. Feeder-link: The link (either uplink or downlink) between the user terminal and the satellite. Feeder-links: The up/down communication links between the Gateway Terminal and the satellite. Feeder-uplink:The upstream data-path portion of the feeder-link. It is used by bent-pipe technology to form half of the complete downstream data-path. Feedhorn: A device which collects the signals at the focus of the satellite dish antenna and channels them to the LNBF. Fiber Optics: A method for the transmission of information (sound, video, data) in which light is modulated and transmitted over high-purity, hair-thin filaments of glass. Fiber ring: The fiber optic network wherein data is passed sequentially between nodes, each node in turn examining or copying the data, and finally returning it to the originating node. Typically, fiber rings are used to connect clustered groups or communities to the main fiber network. Filter Sensitivity: Filter Sensitivity determines how aggressive the filters are in capturing suspect Email. The settings are Lenient, Moderate, and Aggressive. Lenient will capture less suspect Email, while aggressive is likely to capture more. Firewall: A Firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, especially intranets. All messages entering or leaving the intranet pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria. Fixed Service: Radio-communications service between specified fixed points. Footprint: An area of the Earth that is able to receive a particular satellite's signals. fragment: Fragment/Fragmentation is the breaking an arbitrary size packet into smaller pieces at the transmitter. This may be necessary because of restrictions in the communications channel or to reduce latency. The pieces are joined back together in the right order at the receiver ("reassembly"). Segmentation may be performed by a router when routing a packet to a network with a smaller maximum packet size. FTP: FTP is a communications protocol governing the transfer of files from one computer to another over a network.
Gbps: Gigabits per second, or a billion bits per second. Also abbreviated as Gbit/s or Gb/s. Geo: Prefix meaning of the earth, as in geocentric. GEO (Geosynchronous Orbit): The revolutionary path traveled by a satellite in which the satellite orbits the earth in sync with the Earth’s rotation, so that it appears stationary in the sky. A stationary antenna located on Earth can remain pointed at the satellite at all times. GEO Arch: The portion of the Geostationary Orbit seen from a point on the earth. GeoSTATIONARY Satellite: A satellite whose circular and direct orbit lies in the plane of the Earth’s equator and which remains fixed relative to the Earth. Geosynchronous: Satellites in orbit that travel in the Clarke Belt at the same rate that the earth turns, therefore completing one revolution every 24 hours. Gravitational force: (physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; "the more remote the body the less the gravity"; "the gravitation between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them"; "gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love"--Albert Einstein. Ground Control: A communication system for sending continuous radio messages to a satellite for control and operating instructions. Grounding: Done to ensure that the electrical systems are as safe as possible for the humans who are using electrical devices. "The National Electric Code (NEC) states that the purpose of grounding is to "limit voltages due to lighting, line surges or unintentional contact with higher voltage lines to stabilize voltages and to provide a path in order to facilitate the operation of the over-current devices."
HDCP: High bandwidth Digital Copy Protection. Encryption on HDMI or DVI connections. Note that HDMI and DVI are not and are not intended to be "recordable" connections; turning on HDCP does not remove any customer capabilities. HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface): An HDMI connection transmits both digital video and digital audio to the display. HDTV (High Definition Television): Technology which significantly increases the resolution of video signals offering vastly improved picture quality over the current NTSC standard (1,125 lines of resolution per frame of video; 30 frames of video per second). High Speed Data Port: Output on receiver which allows for connection to computer and for AC3 output. Home Network: Group of interconnected personal computers that share a broadband Internet connection, data, and control of other devices on the network, such as a printer or scanner. A home network typically uses a router (or hub or switch) to connect the computers and other devices together. Home Satellite Dish (HSD): A home receiver that permits the consumer to receive existing satellite transmissions. HomePlug: A technology that allows compatible equipment to send and receive data via the home power lines. Host: A Host is a computer containing data or programs that another computer can access by means of a network or modem. Host ID: A Host ID is the trailing part of an IP Address assigned to any device connected to the network, not just computers, by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The Host ID is the network number for a network device. HRC: Harmonically Related Carrier is a standard used by Cable TV broadcasters to assigning frequencies to channel numbers. Cable services can use Standard, HRC, or IRC channel frequency. HRC and IRC uses channels 1-125, STD uses 2-125 channel assignments. Contact their Cable TV provider for the standard they use. Hub: The Hub is a hardware device that is connected to several other devices, usually computers. A hub is used to connect several computers together and provide a local message handling service. Hybrid Fiber/Coax (HFC): A type of network that includes coaxial cables to distribute signals to a group of individual locations (typically 500 or more), and a fiber optic backbone to connect these groups.
ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is a nonprofit organization that has assumed the responsibility for IP address space allocation, protocol parameter assignment, domain name system management and root server system management functions previously performed under U.S. Government contract by the InterNIC. ICANN was created by the late Jon Postel in the fall of 1998 in response to a policy statement issued by the US Department of Commerce. This statement called for the formation of a private sector not-for-profit Internet stakeholder to administer policy for the Internet name and address system. Replacing the InterNIC. ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol is an extension to the Internet Protocol (IP) that allows for the generation of error messages, test packets, and informational messages related to IP. IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is an extension to the Internet Protocol, used by IP hosts to report their host group memberships to immediately-neighboring multicast routers. Impulse Pay-Per-View: Conditional access service where the user is able to buy a particular program on a last-minute decision. Inclination: The angle between the orbital plane of a satellite and the equatorial plane of the Earth. Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier (ILEC): A large telephone company that has been providing local telephone service in the United States since the divestiture of the AT&T telephone monopoly in 1982. IRC: Incrementally Related Carrier is a standard used by Cable TV broadcasters to assigning frequencies to channel numbers. Cable services can use Standard, HRC, or IRC channel frequency. HRC and IRC uses channels 1-125, STD uses 2-125 channel assignments. Contact their Cable TV provider for the standard they use. IRD (Integrated Receiver Decoder): A satellite receiver with a built-in decoder for unscrambling subscription channels. IRR (Integrated Receiver/Recorder): Combined Echostar and JVC technology that incorporates a digital satellite receiver and digital video recorder in one unit. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISND): Switched network providing end-to-end digital connection for simultaneous transmission of voice and/or data over multiple multiplexed communication channels and employing transmission that conforms to internationally defined standards. Inter-exchange Carrier (IXC): A long-distance telecom carrier. Interconnection: The connection of one telecommunication carrier’s network to another or the connection of a piece of telephone equipment to the nation-wide telephone network. International Services: Programming services broadcast from different world locations, i.e., ART from the Middle East, RAI from Italy, TV Japan from Japan. Internet: The global inter-connection of computers that forms the world’s largest computing network. Internet Protocol (IP): The standard signaling method used for all communication over the Internet. Internet Service Provider (ISP): An organization providing Internet access to the public using computer servers connected directly to the Internet. Inter-satellite Link: A message transmission circuit between two communication satellites, as opposed to a circuit between a single satellite and the Earth. Intranet: As soon as you have two computers with private address, you have a LAN. As soon as you have a LAN, in the strictest sense you have created an intranet. More typically, you would be considered to have an intranet once you have joined two or more LANs together across the Internet to form a WAN, or you have a Web server operating on your LAN providing internet services to local computers. ionosphere: The ionosphere is the charged layers of the atmosphere that surround the Earth. IP address: An IP address is the name of a computer, and so it must be unique on a network if communications are to occur unambiguously. The address is actually a 32 bit binary number such as: “00001010000001010000010100001010”. We interpret the address in four pieces (octets – meaning 8 bits each) separated with periods; the address above is represented as: "10.5.5.10". IPSec VPN: IPSec is short for IP Security, a set of protocols developed by the IETF to support the secure exchange of packets at the IP layer of the OSI model. IPSec is widely used in the implementation of Virtual Private Networks, or VPNs. IPSec support two modes of encryption: Tunnel and Transport. The Transport mode encrypts only the data portion, (or payload), of each packet, but does not encrypt the packet header. Tunnel mode encrypts the header and the payload, and is consider the most secure. IPSec devices share public keys that use the Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol/Oakley, (ISAKMP/Oakley). The ISAKMP protocol allows the receiving side to obtain a public key and authenticate the sending side using a digital certificate. IPTV: Receiving TV or other video content via Broadband Internet connection. IRC: Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a worldwide "party line" network that allows one to converse with others in real time. IRC is structured as a network of Internet servers, each of which accepts connections from client programs, one per user. ISO: The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is the organization that sets standards in many businesses and technologies, including computing and communications. Isotropically: Identical in all directions; invariant with respect to direction.
Last Mile: The space/link between telecom service provider’s switching facility and the customer premises. Late Fee: Automatically assessed 45 days after a account's cycle date if their bill has not been paid in full. Lease: An option offered in certain ZIP Codes/cities, allowing the leasing of our equipment. LNBF (Low Noise Block Converter with Integrated Feed): Amplifies received signals and converts them from microwaves to lower frequency signals which are then sent along a cable to the satellite receiver. Local Link: A feature on certain models which allows for programming of local off-air channels into EPG and provides for better audio and video from off-air programming when an antenna is connected to the receiver. Local Loop: The copper lines between a customer’s premises and a telephone company’s central office. Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS): This is a point/multipoint service with two-way capability to transmit voice, data, and other video information. LMDS can offer innovative consumer services such as two-way interactive video, advanced teleconferencing, telemedicine, telecommuting, and high-speed data services. Local to Local: Designated areas where DISH Network offers local network service (ABC, CBS, NBC, FOX). Logical device: The term "Logical device" is used to refer to the artificial objects created by a computer to help the system control access to shared resources. A simulated device that performs the functions of something is not physically there. Low Earth Orbit (LEO): Orbits up to 1,600 miles above the Earth.
MAC address: A MAC address is the hardware address of a physical device connected to a shared network medium. MBA (Multiple-beam Antenna): Satellite antenna capable of re-using frequencies to maximize bandwidth. Mbps: Megabits per second, or a million bits per second. Also abbreviated as Mbit/s or Mb/s. Medium Earth Orbit (MEO): Orbits between 6,000 and 12,000 miles. Menu: A list of features/functions which, when accessed through the remote control and front panel, will appear on the TV screen. Meridian: The Meridian is an imaginary great circle on the earth's surface passing through the North and South geographic poles. All points on the same meridian have the same longitude. The western and eastern meridians are half of such a great circle from pole to pole. MF-TDMA (Multi-Frequency TDMA): A type of multiplexing applies TDMA protocol to multiple frequencies within a given frequency bandwidth. Mission: An aerospace operation intended to carry out specific program objectives: a mission to Mars. Movies On Demand: Brand name of movies category on DISH On Demand (refers only to the whole category not to individual movies). MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group): Sets the standard for digital technology. MPEG 2: A generic method for compressed representation of video sequences using a common coding. All DISH Network receivers support MPEG-2. MPEG-4: The latest technology available for delivering digital video. It allows us to provide the most HD content by utilizing our existing satellites and bandwidth. DISH Network's newest MPEG technology. MTS (Multichannel Television Sound) : The method of broadcasting stereo sound over ordinary analog TV channels. MTS reception capability is built into virtually all stereo TVs and HiFi VCRs. MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) is the largest number of bytes of "payload" data a packet can carry, not counting the frame's header and trailer. Multicasting: A technique of using a single Digital Off-Air channel to deliver multiple sub-channels is called multicasting. DTV broadcasters can choose to use all of there bandwidth for one high-definition program or they might subdivide the channel, giving most of the bandwidth to one high-def program (at a slightly reduced picture quality), and use the remaining bandwidth for one standard-definition program at a much lower picture quality. Alternatively, the broadcaster might deliver several standard-definition programs at the same time; all at a lower video quality. Multi-Channel Services: Premium services offering more than one channel in each package, i.e., HBO The Works, Cinemax, Showtime and Starz/Encore. Multi-Switch: 4-Way or 8-Way: A device which allows the viewing of independent programming on up to 4 receivers (4 Way) and up to 8 receivers (8 Way) from a dual LNBF and one satellite dish. Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service (MMDS): A service, which uses omnidirectional microwave signals to deliver communications services to subscribers. Multimedia: The combination of various forms of media (texts, graphics, animation, audio, etc.) to communicate information. The term also refers to information products that include text, audio, and visual content. Multiple System Operator (MSO): A company that operates more than one cable TV system. Multiplexing: Techniques that allow a number of simultaneous transmissions over a single circuit.
Narrowband: A term applied to telecommunications facilities capable of carrying only voice, facsimile images, slow-scan video images and data transmissions at “kilobits” speeds. The term is commonly applied to voice-grade analog facilities. NAT: Network Address Translation (NAT) is an Internet standard that enables a local-area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic (usually Private IP Addresses) and a second set of addresses (usually Public IP Addresses) for external traffic. A NAT box located where the LAN meets the Internet makes all necessary IP address translations. Netware: Netware is a propriety operating system, owned by Novell, Inc., for the IBM PC. NetWare uses the IPX/SPX, NetBEUI or TCP/IP network protocols. NetWare 2.2 is a 16-bit operating system, versions 4.x and 3.x are 32-bit operating systems. Network Class: A Network Class is the groups of IP Addresses assigned to group classified by the number of Network ID and Host IDs available to the class. Network ID: A Network ID is the leading part of an IP Address assigned to an organization by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). It defines the Network number for a given network. New Customer: This 2nd stage of the Customer Life Cycle usually lasts about 3 to 6 months. NIC: The Network Interface Card (NIC) is sometimes called the Network Interface Controller. It is an adapter circuit board installed in a computer, or other networking device, to provide a physical connection to a data network. No Basic Service Fee: Monthly fee for accounts that do not subscribe to one of our seven basic programming packages: DishFAMILY, America's Top 60, America's Top 120, America's Top 180, Dominion Sky Angel, DISH Latino, DISH Latino Dos, DISH Latino Max, or Great Wall TV Package. NOC: The Network Operations Center (NOC) is a location from which the operation of a network or internet is monitored. Additionally, this center usually serves as a clearinghouse for connectivity problems and efforts to resolve those problems.
Offset: Type of dish antenna with the focus and feedhorn below the center of the dish antenna. Omni-directional: Omni-directional is not directional; "omni-directional antenna". OMT: OMT - Ortho Mode Transducer. The OMT sits directly behind the antenna feedhorn and has several important functions relating to reception and transmission of satellite signals. The main function of the OMT is to transfer RF to individual transmit and receive ports and to provide a 90 degree opposed (orthogonal)isolation between them using vertical and Horizontal polarization. On Demand: Don't use this term. Should always be prefaced (i.e. DISH, Movies, Video, etc) OpenTV: Makes a receiver compatible for all kinds of future multimedia applications. Orbit: The path a satellite takes around the Earth. OSI: The Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model is a model of network architecture that defines a suite of protocols (a protocol stack) to implement it. The International Standards Organization (ISO) developed it in 1978 as a framework for international standards in heterogeneous computer network architecture. The OSI architecture is split between seven layers, from lowest to highest: 1 physical layer, 2 data link layer, 3 network layer, 4 transport layer, 5 session layer, 6 presentation layer, 7 application layer. Each layer uses the layer immediately below it and provides a service to the layer above. In some implementations, a layer may itself be composed of sub-layers.
Packet-switched Network: A network that allows a message to be broken into small “packets” of data that are sent separately by a source to the destination. The packets may travel different paths and arrive at different times, with the destination sites reassembling them into the original message. Past-due: Payments not received by the due date. PAT: Port Address Translation (PAT) is a function provided by routers, which allows hosts on a LAN to communicate with the rest of a network (such as the Internet) without revealing their own private IP address. All outbound packets have their IP address translated to the routers external IP address. Replies come back to the router, which then translates them back into the private IP address of the original host for final delivery. Pay TV: With Pay TV, the consumer has to pay for the available programs or services, when used. Pay-Per-Channel: With this form of pay TV, the viewer has to pay a certain price per month (or other period) to receive all programs of a certain channel. PPV (Pay-Per-View): Conditional access service where the user is able to buy one particular program. PCM: Pulse-code modulation is a modulation technique. It is a digital representation of an analog signal where the magnitude of the signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals. Every sample is converted to a series of symbols in a digital code. PCM is used for 2 channel (Stereo or Surround) uncompressed digital audio through the optical output on many satellite receivers. Peaking (Antenna): Peaking an antenna allows it to align with the highest point on a transmission wave and attain maximum antenna gain. Perigee: The point nearest the earth's center in the orbit of the moon or a satellite. Peripheral: Device, such as a printer, that is connected to the home network. Peripheral devices are typically set up so they can be accessed and controlled by all computers on the home network. Physical device: A Physical device is the opposite of logical device. It is a device that a person can touch and see. ping: P(acket) in(formation) g(roper).(ping) is a protocol that sends a message to another computer and waits for acknowledgment, often used to check if another computer on a network is reachable. Point of Presence (POP): Telecommunications facility where a communications provider locates network equipment used to connect customers to its network backbone. Point-to-Point Connection: Direct connection between two points without using an intermediate device. Postini: Postini helps stop spam, phishing, viruses, directory harvest attacks, with patented, multi-layer technology that delivers unmatched intrusion prevention and protection for WildBlue Email Subscribers. Premium Services: Programming services offering movies, sports and concerts, i.e., HBO, Cinemax, Showtime, Starz/Encore, and Playboy. Programming: Monthly or annual television viewing services. Programming Access Fee: : For more than one receiver on their account. This is a monthly fee and is assessed for each additional receiver. Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN): A group of telecommunications and data communications devices capable of connecting circuits together across a distance using switching technology.
Receiver: Unit which takes signals from a satellite dish antenna and converts them so they can appear on TV. Reconnect: A work order generated (at no charge) when a brand new customer activates DISH Network programming at an address that already exists in CSG. Refund: Check mailed or credit issued to credit card for 3 specific reasons; overpayment, unused programming if service disconnected within 30 days of activation and returned equipment. Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOC): Originally, the seven local telephone companies established as a result of AT&T break-up in 1984. Currently consists of four local telephone companies as a result of the mergers of Bell Atlantic with NYNEX and SBC with Pacific Telesis and Ameritech. Relay Station: An amplifier for restoring the strength of a transmitted signal. Remote Control: Device which operates electronic equipment from varying distances. Universal remote operates more than one component. IR remote requires direct line of sight not over 40 feet. UHF remote can send its signal through objects for up to 100 feet. Restart: A work order that restores services to disconnected for voluntary (seasonal) or involuntary (non-pay) reasons. $25.00 Restart Fee will be assessed to the account each time this work order is generated on an account. Restart Fee: $25.00: Charged after an account has been hard disconnected, either voluntarily or due to nonpayment. Must be paid at the time they want to restart service and CANNOT be billed to their account. Return Check Fee: $10.00: Added to an account when a check is returned due to insufficient funds. This would also apply stop payment is place on a check. RCA Cables: Stereo cables that deliver stereo sound and improved video quality, compared to Coax Cable. RCA Cables are color coded: Yellow = Video / White = Left Audio / Red = Right Audio. When going from stereo to mono just use the Yellow and White cables. RG-59: A type of coaxial cable used by most cable companies to wire a home. RG-59 cable is not recommended for the transmission of digital satellite signals. RG-6: A type of coaxial cable, offering superior quality, used for DBS digital transmission. Router: Equipment placed between networks that relays data to those networks based upon a destination address contained in the data packets being routed. RPC: Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is a protocol which allows a program running on one host to cause code to be executed on another host without the programmer needing to explicitly code for this. RPC is an easy and popular paradigm for implementing the client-server model of distributed computing. An RPC is initiated by the caller (client) sending request message to a remote system (the server) to execute a certain procedure using arguments supplied. A result message is returned to the caller. There are many variations and subtleties in various implementations, resulting in a variety of different (incompatible) RPC protocols. RSN: Regional Sports Network, assigned by ZIP Code to accounts with America's Top 120/CD basic programming package.
Satellite: A manufactured object that orbits in space. EchoStar presently owns six satellites. Satellite Master Antenna Television (SMATV): A satellite dish system used to deliver signals to multiple dwelling units (e.g. apartment buildings and trailer parks). SCADA: SCADA is the acronym for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. The term refers to a large-scale, distributed measurement (and control) system. SCADA systems are used to monitor or to control chemical, physical or transport processes. The term SCADA usually refers to a central system that monitors and controls a complete site. The bulk of the site control is actually performed automatically by a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) or by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Host control functions are almost always restricted to basic site over-ride or supervisory level capability. Scrambling: Altering a video signal transmission so it cannot be received without an authorized operating decoder (receiver). Seasonal Downgrade: Removing a services from an account, but leaving the account active with an access fee. Service Changes: Any made to the account after initial activation will synch up to the subsequent service period. This may be 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 months of services. Added annual services will also synch up to renewal date. SF-TDMA (Single-Frequency TDMA): A type of multiplexing applies TDMA protocol to single set of frequencies within a given frequency bandwidth. SHF (superhigh frequency): The upper part of the radio frequency range from 3 to 30 gigahertz encompassed in Ka-band frequencies. Skew:Antenna skew setting places the dish at an oblique or slanting direction or position to maximize reception. In Circular Polarized unidirectional satellite antenna it is used to align the antenna to the GEO Arch. Slot: That longitudinal position in the geosynchronous orbit into which a communication satellite is “parked”. Above the United States, communications satellites are typically positioned in slots, which are based on two to three degree intervals. Smart Card: A card used to unscramble encrypted broadcasts when placed in a decoder or receiver with a built-in decoder. SMCI (Satellite modem-to-customer Interface): The hardware and software that allows a subscriber PC to communicate through the ODU through the satellite to the ISP gateway. SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a protocol used to transfer electronic mail between computers, usually over Ethernet. It is a server to server protocol, so other protocols are used to access the messages. The SMTP dialog usually happens in the background under the control of the message transfer agent, e.g. sendmail but it is possible to interact with an SMTP server using telnet to connect to the normal SMTP port, 25. SMTS-NSI (Satellite Modem Termination System - Network-Side Interface): An interface specification that describes the process of converting TCP/IP Ethernet protocol to TDMA protocols using DOCSIS packets. This interface describes the communications between a Service Provider Ground Station computing device and the satellite network. SNMP: Simple network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the Internet standard protocol developed to manage nodes on an IP network. SNMP is not limited to TCP/IP. It can be used to manage and monitor all sorts of equipment including computers, routers, wiring hubs, toasters and jukeboxes. Socket: A Socket is a term used to describe "an end point for TCP/IP communication." A TCP/IP Socket consists of the IP Address followed by the TCP port number separated by a colon. Statement: Billing Statement showing the status of an account. SOHO: Small Office/Home Office. So-called SOHO products are specifically designed to meet the needs of professionals who work at home or in small offices. Spectrum: The range of electromagnetic radio frequencies used in the transmission of sound, data, and television. Spoofing: When a computer within a private network is communicating with a remote computer that has been authenticated once, the two-way communication is called a session, and authentication does not need to be repeated until the session ends. However, if the remote computer uses an “access on demand” connection to the Internet, it is unable to maintain a “session”, and would need to authenticate for each message. Spoofing is a function provided by routers to maintain the session. To do this the router responds to “keep session alive?” messages on behalf of the remote computer. SSL VPN: The Secure Sockets Layer protocol is an application layer security protocol developed for the purpose of sending documents securely over the Internet. SSL uses private keys to encrypt data that is transmitted over the SSL connection. Netscape, Internet Explorer, and most web browsers used today support the SSL protocol. Many web sites use this protocol to secure user’s private data, such as Internet banking sites and sites that provide credit card transactions. Static IP address: An IP address that remains the same each time a person logs on to the internet. Streaming: A technique for transferring data such that it can be processed as a steady and continuous stream. Subnet Mask: A Subnet Mask is a bit mask used to identify which bits in an IP address correspond to the network address (Network ID) and subnet portions (Host ID) of the address. This mask is often referred to as the subnet mask because the network portion of the address can be determined by the class inherent in an IP Address. The address mask has ones in positions corresponding to the network and subnet numbers and zeros in the host number positions. Sub-network: Subordinate system that is a part of a larger system of interconnected data components or circuits. Sun Outage: When the sun passes behind a satellite, it momentarily interferes with the satellite signals (twice each year during spring and fall equinox). Superstation: A local TV station (i.e., WGN, TBS, KWGN) whose signal is delivered by satellite to cable systems and backyard antennas across the country. Superstations broadcast their local sports teams nationally. SVT: Service Visibility Tool. Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL): A DSL technology that provides a maximum bandwidth of 1.5 megabits per second using one phone line, with a downstream transmission rate that equals the upstream transmission rate. synchronous: Objects moving or operating at the same rate, having identical periods.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a protocol for communication between computers, used as a standard for transmitting data over networks and as the basis for standard Internet protocols. TCP/IP Protocol Stack: The TCP/IP Protocol Stack is a subset of the Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Reference Model. The TCP/IP stack includes the Data Link, Network, Transport, and Application layer. It defines how data is transported across a data network. TDMA (time division multiple access): A type of multiplexing where two or more channels of information are transmitted over the same link by allocating a different time interval ("slot" or "slice") for the transmission of each channel. I.e. the channels take turns to use the link. Telemetry, Tracking and Control (TT&C):: The means of monitoring and controlling satellite operations. telnet: Telnet is an Internet communications protocol that enables a computer to function as a terminal working from a remote computer. TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple file transfer protocol used for down-loading boot code to diskless workstations. TightVNC: TightVNC is a third-party software utility that allows computers to remotely connect to and control other computers. Traceroute: Traceroute is a TCP/IP utility which allows the user to determine the route packets are taking to a particular host. Traceroute works by increasing the "time to live" value of packets and seeing how far they get, until they reach the given destination; thus, a lengthening trail of hosts passed through is built up. Traffic: The volume of transmitted signals on a communications network or channel. Transaction Fee: : There are only 3 times this fee will be assessed: for changing or switching services or for ordering PPVs through the call center. NOTE: Never charge this fee when for dropping the guide. Transceiver: A transceiver is a combination transmitter/receiver in a single package. Some transceivers are designed to allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full duplex, and requires that the transmitter and receiver operate on substantially different frequencies so the transmitted signal does not interfere with reception. Satellite communications networks often employ full-duplex transceivers at the surface-based subscriber points. The transmitted signal (transceiver-to-satellite) is called the uplink, and the received signal (satellite-to-transceiver) is called the downlink. Transparent Browse Banner: Using the up & down arrow buttons on the remote, one can channel surf (transparent to the show being watched) without leaving the current program. Transponder: Equipment inside a satellite responsible for receiving a single uplinked channel and rebroadcasting it back to Earth. TVRO (TV Receive-Only): Term used to describe a home satellite system which only receives, and does not transmit, satellite television signals. Twisted Pair: This is the term used to describe the traditional copper cable that is used for short distance communications. TWTA: TWTA (Traveling Wave Tube Amplifier) devices that provide signal power amplification in satellite applications.
Ultra High Frequency (UHF): The part of the radio spectrum from 300 to 3000 megahertz, which includes TV channels 4-83, as well as many land mobile and satellite services. UHF: Ultra High Frequency. unidirectional: Unidirectional is operating or moving or allowing movement in one direction only; "a unidirectional flow"; "a unidirectional antenna". UNIX: UNIX is an interactive time-sharing operating system invented in 1969 by Ken Thompson of Bell Labs. Dennis Ritchie, the inventor of {C}, is considered a co-author of the system. I was the first source-portable Operating System. By 1991, Unix had become the most widely used multi-user general-purpose operating system with built-in TCP/IP in the world. Unix is now offered by many manufacturers and is the subject of an international standardization effort. Unix-like operating systems include AIX, A/UX, BSD, Debian, FreeBSD, GNU, HP-UX, Linux, NetBSD, NEXTSTEP, OpenBSD, OPENSTEP, OSF, POSIX, RISCiX, Solaris, SunOS, System V, Ultrix, USG Unix, Version 7, Xenix. "UNIX" is a registered trademark of The Open Group. Upgrade: Adding new service(s) to an account; referred to as "adding services". Uplink: A signal's path from the Earth to a satellite. Upstream: The data path from the subscriber terminal to the Internet Service Provider gateway. Upstream Transmit Power: This SVT field displays the power used by the modem to communicate with the satellite on the upstread data path. If this value is too high (shown as a lower negative number), the modem is working too hard to communicate. Usenet Groups: Usenet groups are also known as newsgroups, or discussion groups. Users exchange information generally provided in a "chat room". User-downlink: The downstream data-path portion of the user-link. It is used by bent-pipe technology to form half of the complete downstream data-path. User-link: The link (either uplink or downlink) between the user terminal and the satellite. User-links: The up/down communication links between the Subscriber Terminal and the satellite. User-uplink: The upstream data-path portion of the user-link. It is used by bent-pipe technology to form half of the complete upstream data-path.
V-Chip: Allows parental control by providing channel/ratings/content lock capability. Very High Frequency (VHF): The part of the radio spectrum from 30 to 300 megahertz, which includes TV channels 2-13, the FM broadcast band, and some marine, aviation and land mobile services. VHF: Very High Frequency. video-on-demand: Refers to the functionality behind this service. Video-On-Demand: Refers to video-on-demand as a service. Virtual Private Network (VPN): A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is the most secure way to provide communication between computers on your private network and trusted computers across the Internet. There are three ways that your firewall can secure your VPN communication to the remote computer. First, the firewall can be configured to only trust communications received from certain addresses. Second, a special code can be used to encrypt all communications. The code uses a “key” to encrypt and decrypt the messages. Once the same key is provided to the firewall and remote computer user, the computers can communicate. The encryption key is generally unique in the world, and very difficult to determine by trial and error. This is the main feature of VPNs that make them highly secure. Third and finally, there is: the username and password. When a remote computer meets all three requirements, a VPN is established between the remote computer and the firewall. The remote computer then appears to all computers to be sitting on the local private network. It is “virtually” there. Keep in mind that if the remote computer is a firewall or router, then you are connecting two private networks together so that they appear to be one single private network. This configuration is called a Wide Area Network (WAN), and each private network is called a Local Area Network (LAN). Any number of LANs can be connected together through VPNs to form a single WAN. VSAT: Very small aperture terminal. Refers to small earth stations, usually in the 1.2 to 2.4 meter range.
Wavelength: The length of one complete wave of an alternating or vibrating phenomenon, generally measured from crest to crest or from trough to trough of successive wave cycles. What is SCADA: SCADA is the acronym for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. The term refers to a large-scale, distributed measurement (and control) system. SCADA systems are used to monitor or to control chemical, physical or transport processes. The term SCADA usually refers to a central system that monitors and controls a complete site. The bulk of the site control is actually performed automatically by a Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) or by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). Host control functions are almost always restricted to basic site over-ride or supervisory level capability. WildBlue modem: The job of any modem is to convert the digital signal from a computer into a different kind of signal, usually proprietary, that can be transmitted long distances and then be converted back to the original format. Ethernet is a medium for carrying network traffic, just as air carries your voice. The maximum length for an Ethernet cable segment is 300ft or 100m. All Ethernet network communications are converted to some other medium for long distance transmission using a modem. WildBlue Optimizer: The WildBlue Optimizer is a software tool designed to enhance the web surfing experience of computers connected to the WildBlue network. WildBlue Security Center: WildBlue Security Center is a virus protection software that is provided to all customers free of charge for one year. WildBlue Webmail: WildBlue Webmail offers you the ease and convenience of sending and receiving your wildblue.net Email from any computer with an Internet connection. Wireless Communication: Any broadcast or transmission, which can be received through microwave or radio frequencies without the use of a cable connection for reception. Y Z |